CNC machining center maintenance method, the factory must pay attention to

The correct operation and maintenance of the CNC equipment can prevent abnormal machine wear and avoid sudden machine failure. Careful maintenance of the machine tool can maintain the long-term stability of machine tool machining accuracy and extend the service life of the machine tool. This work must be highly valued and implemented from the management level of the factory!

维护 Maintenance related person

1. The operator is responsible for the use, maintenance and basic maintenance of the equipment;

2. The equipment maintenance personnel are responsible for the maintenance and necessary maintenance of the equipment;

3. The workshop management personnel is responsible for the supervision of the operators and equipment maintenance of the entire workshop.

基本 Basic requirements for the use of CNC equipment

1. The numerical control equipment requires to avoid places with humidity, excessive dust and corrosive gases;

2, to avoid direct sunlight and other heat radiation, precision CNC equipment should be away from vibration equipment, such as punching, forging equipment;

3. The operating temperature of the equipment should be controlled between 15 and 35 degrees. The precision processing temperature should be controlled at about 20 degrees, and the temperature fluctuation should be strictly controlled;

4. In order to avoid the influence of large fluctuation of power supply (greater than plus or minus 10%) and possible instantaneous interference signals, CNC equipment is generally powered by dedicated line (such as separate from the low-voltage distribution room for use by CNC machine tools), and a voltage regulator is added. Etc., can reduce the impact of power quality and electrical interference.

日常 Daily processing accuracy is maintained

1. After starting the machine, it must be preheated for about 10 minutes, and then processed; the machine that is not used for a long time should extend the warm-up time;

2. Check if the oil passage is unblocked;

3. Place the workbench and saddle at the center of the machine before moving off (moving the three-axis stroke to the middle position of each axis stroke);

4. The machine tool is kept dry and clean.

每日 Daily maintenance

1. Daily cleaning and cleaning of machine tool dust iron scraps: including machine control panel, spindle taper hole, tool cart, cutter head and taper shank, tool magazine arm and tool holder, turret; XY axis sheet metal shield, machine tool Inner flexible hose, tank chain device, chip groove, etc.;

2. Check the lubricant level to ensure the lubrication of the machine;

3. Check if the coolant in the coolant tank is sufficient, not enough to add it in time;

4. Check if the air pressure is normal;

5. Check whether the air blowing in the cone inside the spindle is normal. Wipe the inner cone hole with a clean cotton cloth and spray light oil.

6. Clean the tool pocket and the tool, especially the claws;

7. Check all the signal lights, whether the warning lights are normal;

8. Check if there is leakage in the oil pressure unit pipe;

9. The cleaning and cleaning work is carried out after the daily work of the machine tool is completed;

10. Keep the environment around the machine clean and tidy.

每周 Weekly maintenance

1. Clean the air filter of the heat exchanger, the cooling pump and the lubricating oil filter screen;

2. Check if the tool pull bolt is loose and the knife handle is clean;

3. Check if the origin of the three-axis machine is offset;

4. Check whether the tool change arm movement or the tool magazine cutter disk rotation is smooth;

5. If there is oil cooler to check oil-cooled engine oil, if it is lower than the scale line, please add oil-cooled oil in time;

6. Clean the impurities and water in the compressed gas, check the oil quantity in the oil mist separator, check whether the solenoid valve works normally, check the tightness in the pneumatic system, because the quality of the air circuit system directly affects the change. Knife and lubrication system;

7. Prevent dust and dirt from entering the inside of the numerical control device. In the air of the machine shop, there will be oil mist, dust and even metal powder. Once they fall on the circuit board or electronic device in the CNC system, it is easy to cause the insulation resistance between the components to drop, and even cause damage to components and circuit boards. .

每月 Monthly maintenance

1. Detecting the lubrication of the shaft track, the track surface must ensure good lubrication;

2. Check and clean the limit switch and the bump block;

3. Check if the oil cup oil of the knife cylinder is sufficient, and it is not enough to add it in time;

4. Check if the sign and warning nameplate on the machine are clear and exist.

半年 Half year maintenance

1. Disassemble the shaft anti-dust shield, clean the shaft oil pipe joint, ball lead screw, three-axis limit switch, and check whether it is normal. Check whether the hard-arc scraper of each axis is in good condition;

2. Check whether the servo motor and head of each axis are running normally, and whether there is abnormal sound;

3. Replace the oil pressure unit oil and the cutter deceleration mechanism oil;

4. Test the clearance of each axis and adjust the compensation amount if necessary;

5. Clean the dust inside the electric box (make sure the machine is in the closed state);

6. Comprehensively check whether the contacts, connectors, sockets and switches are normal;

7. Check that all buttons are sensitive and normal;

8. Check and adjust the mechanical level;

9. Clean the cutting water tank and replace the cutting fluid.

年度 Annual professional maintenance or repair

Note: Professional maintenance or repair should be performed by a professional engineer.

1. The grounding protection system should have perfect continuity to ensure personal safety;

2. Regularly check the components such as circuit breakers, contactors, single-phase or three-phase arc extinguishers. If the wiring is loose, the noise is too large, find out the cause and eliminate the hidden dangers;

3. Ensure that the cooling fan in the electric cabinet runs normally, otherwise it may cause damage to the components;

4, the fuse is blown, the air switch frequently trips, should find out the cause and eliminate it in time;

5. Check the vertical accuracy of each axis and adjust the geometric accuracy of the machine. Restore or meet the requirements of the machine. Because geometric accuracy is the basis for the overall performance of the machine. For example, the poor verticality of XZ and YZ will affect the coaxiality and symmetry of the machined workpiece. The poor verticality of the spindle to the table will affect the parallelism of the workpiece. Therefore, the restoration of geometric accuracy is the focus of our maintenance;

6. Check the wear and clearance of each shaft motor and lead screw, and check whether the support bearings at both ends of each shaft are damaged. When the coupling or bearing is damaged, it will increase the noise of the machine running, affect the transmission accuracy of the machine tool, damage the screw cooling seal, causing the cutting fluid to leak, seriously affecting the life of the screw and the spindle;

7. Check the protective cover of each shaft and replace if necessary. The protective cover does not directly accelerate the wear of the guide rail. If there is a large deformation, it will not only increase the load of the machine tool, but also cause greater damage to the guide rail;

8. Straightening of the screw rod, because some users may cause deformation of the screw after the collision of the machine tool or the gap of the iron plug, which directly affects the machining accuracy of the machine tool. We first relax the screw rod to make it in a natural state, and then install the screw rod according to the maintenance procedure to ensure that the screw rod is as free from tangential force during the movement, so that the screw rod is also in a natural state during processing;

9. Check and adjust the belt drive system of the machine tool spindle, adjust the tightness of the V belt appropriately, prevent the machine tool from slipping or throwing during machining, replace the spindle V belt if necessary, and check the 1000r/min spindle high and low gear conversion pressure belt. The amount of oil in the wheel cylinder. If necessary, the lack of oil will cause failure during low-grade conversion, which will seriously affect the surface roughness during milling and reduce the cutting torque.

10. Cleaning and adjustment of the tool magazine. Adjust the rotation of the tool magazine so that it is parallel with the table top. If necessary, replace the circlip, adjust the angle of the spindle directional bridge and the rotation coefficient of the tool magazine, and add lubricating grease to each moving part;

11. Prevent system overheating: You should check whether the cooling fans on the CNC cabinet are working properly. Check if there is any blockage in the air duct filter. If the dust on the filter net accumulates too much and does not clean it in time, the temperature inside the CNC cabinet will be too high.

12. Regular maintenance of the input/output device of the CNC system: check whether the signal transmission line of the machine tool is damaged, whether the interface and connector screw nut are loose, the network cable is stable, and the router is clean and maintenance;

13. Regular inspection and replacement of DC motor brushes: excessive wear of DC motor brushes affects the performance of the motor and even causes motor damage. To this end, the motor brushes should be regularly inspected and replaced, and CNC lathes, CNC milling machines, machining centers, etc., should be inspected once a year;

14. Regularly check and replace the battery for storage: In the general CNC system, a CMOS RAM storage device is provided with a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit to ensure that the contents of the memory can be maintained while the system is not powered. Under normal circumstances, even if it has not expired, it should be replaced once a year to ensure the system works properly. The replacement of the battery should be carried out under the power supply state of the CNC system to prevent loss of information in the RAM during replacement;

15. Clean the electrical components in the control cabinet, check and tighten the fastening terminals; clean and clean the control system of the CNC system, circuit board, fan, air filter, heat sink, etc.; clean the internal components of the operation panel, circuit board, Fan, check the fastening status of the connector.